Matter · Interactive Reference
Particle Physics

The Standard
Model

17 elementary particles
3 generations of matter
4 fundamental forces
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Generation Ieveryday matter
Generation IIheavier cousins
Generation IIIheaviest, unstable
Force carriersbosons
Quark Lepton Gauge boson Scalar boson
masses approx · PDG values
Chemistry

The Periodic
Table

118 known elements
94 naturally occurring
10 chemical families
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atomic data per IUPAC 2021
brackets denote most stable isotope
Nuclear Physics

Chart of Nuclides

~3,300 known nuclides
251 stable isotopes
5 primary decay modes
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Z = protons · N = neutrons · A = Z + N magic numbers: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126
data: NNDC / IAEA
Scales of the Universe

Cosmic Scales

61 orders of magnitude
10⁻³⁵ m to 10²⁶ m
Planck to universe
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100m
Human
One meter — the SI unit, originally defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole through Paris.
10⁻³⁵10⁻²⁵10⁻¹⁵10⁻⁵ 10⁰10⁵10¹⁵10²⁵